These services continued for many years until changing conditions in the late 1950s brought about their decline and eventual demise at the end of season in 1974. The job of finding a pass was assigned to a surveyor named Major Albert Bowman Rogers. This translated into keeping express, telegraph, sleeping car and other lines of business for themselves, creating separate departments or companies as necessary. Im aligned with Geralds comment with regard to CPKC being the holding company and keeping the respective paint schemes. KCS was a north-south railroad in an east-west world until the North American Free Trade Agreement was signed in 1992. What about calling it the Canadian Pacific & Southern? Look for a Wabash Speedway deal to be struck between KC and Detroit shortly after the merger is approved. The $25 billion deal ($29 billion including CP assumption of KCS debt) will enable CP to better compete against larger rival Canadian National, which has enjoyed three-coast access since it acquired Illinois Central in 1998. In 1885, he drove the last spike to complete the transcontinental line. Canadian Pacific, Kansas City Southern Will Merge into "The First USMCA Railroad," CPKC (UPDATED) - Railway Age Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd. (CP) will acquire Kansas City Southern (KCS) in a cash and stock transaction worth US$29 billion, the two Class I railroads announced early March 21. Rod Mickleburgh, "Protests are fine, but can the obnoxious profanity". The NS former Wabash is relatively lightly-used. By Greg Roumeliotis. UPs so called heritage schemes are an abomination. The railway was first built between eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 (connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier), fulfilling a commitment extended to British Columbia[4] when it entered Confederation in 1871; the CPR was Canada's first transcontinental railway. [68], On 12 October 2014 it was reported that Canadian Pacific had tried to enter into a merger with American railway CSX, but was unsuccessful. KCS is exempt from the Surface Transportation Boards more stringent Class I merger rules that since 2001 have effectively prevented combinations of the six major systems. Look at the system map: Gulf, Mississippi & Northern (GM&N) Describes its location and sounds like a railroad name too! Several stops were met by protesters who argued that the games were slated to take place on stolen indigenous land. 20-20476-1 Canadian National FM C-Liner A unit #6702 with ProtoSound 3.0, The Western Depot. Rogers became obsessed with finding the pass that would immortalize his name. However, he at first refused to cash it, preferring to frame it, saying he did not do it for the money. CP Rail introduced Canada's first bi-level passenger cars here in 1970. Join Today! KCS already had plans under way to add a second span across the Rio Grande at Laredo, where it also interchanges with Union Pacific. A navvy received between $1 and $2.50 per day, but had to pay for his own food, clothing, transport to the job site, mail and medical care. The combined CP and KCS system will remain the smallest Class I by revenue. Public perception matters even if its off base. The transaction represents an enterprise value of approximately US$31 billion. Some of the CPR's best-known locomotives were the 4-6-4 Hudsons. At a meeting with the company that month, Pershing's head Bill Ackman proposed replacing Fred Green as CP's chief executive. Passenger cars were carried as well as freight. At the end of World War II, the invention of nylon made silk less valuable, so the silk trains died out. CP Ships was the final operation, and in the end it too left CP ownership when it was spun off in 2001. How about adding a P: Canadian Prairie & Pacific, CPP? At the end of the day it will be a corporate decision, most likely just Canadian Pacific Railway or they might even add an S and make it Canadian Pacific Railways. The paint did not pull up after masking with an low tack adhesive tape. I think this name is just for the merger. But its estimates of the cost of the Rocky Mountain section alone was over $60million. Former KCS CEO Michael R. Haverty who built KCS into a cross-border system 25 years ago says attempts to merge with CP more than a decade ago never jelled. In 1995, CP turned to GE Transportation for the first production AC traction locomotives in Canada, and now has the highest percentage of AC locomotives in service of all North American Class I railways. Small business money shipments and valuables such as jewellery were routinely handled in small packets. It retooled its Angus Shops in Montreal to produce Valentine tanks and other armoured vehicles, and transported troops and resources across the country. KCS 5009 was the middle unit of an eclectic CN consist waiting to leave Winnipeg on the Sprague subdivision. Like Union Pacific when acquiring other railways, Canadian Pacific should retain its present name which is both legendary and simple. One of the largest commuter railroads in the country is objecting to the proposed $31 billion merger between Class I freight rail carriers Canadian Pacific Railway and Kansas City Southern Railway . [47], One highlight of the late 1930s, both for the railway and for Canada, was the visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth during their 1939 royal tour of Canada, the first time that the reigning monarch had visited the country. Also, the company owns the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad, a Hammond, Indiana-based terminal railroad along with Conrail Shared Assets Operations. It will just be called Canadian Pacific once all is said and done. [142], Canadian Pacific Airlines, also called CP Air, operated from 1942 to 1987 and was the main competitor of Canadian government-owned Air Canada. By Eric Schroeder. It acquired the Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway in 1982. In March 2021, the CP offered US$29billion to purchase the Kansas City Southern Railway, which would allow the CP to own rail lines across the entire North American continent. The combination of the 12,500-mile CP and 6,700-mile KCS, announced today, is a classic end-to-end merger: The railways currently interchange in Kansas City, Mo., the . If thats too long, how about just Midwestern. Posted by Ulrich on Wednesday, November 10, 2021 9:43 AM. The 112-car grain train with three locomotives derailed into the Kicking Horse River just after the Trans Canada Highway overpass. Especially notable were the semi-streamlined H1 class Royal Hudsons, locomotives that were given their name because one of their class hauled the royal train carrying King George VI and Queen Elizabeth on the 1939 royal tour across Canada without change or failure. [48], After the Second World War, the transportation industry in Canada changed. Lamb, W. Kaye. The new merged entity will be listed under . "Silk Trains The Romance of Canadian Silk Trains or 'The Silks'", The Word Works Publications (1993), pp. It then followed a westward route along the Ottawa River passing through places like Cobden, Deux-Rivires and eventually to Mattawa at the confluence of the Mattawa and Ottawa rivers. FedRelay 1 (800) 877-8339. They agreed to build the railway in exchange for $25 million (approximately $625million in modern Canadian dollars) in credit from the Canadian government and a grant of 25million acres (100,000km2) of land. [135], All of these lake operations had one thing in common, the need for shallow draft therefore sternwheelers were the choice of ship. 5 Bed. On 29 October 1978, CP Rail transferred its passenger services to Via Rail, a new federal Crown corporation that is responsible for managing all intercity passenger service formerly handled by both CP Rail and CN. When within range driving across Ohio or Indiana: From the Golden Tower of the Fisher Building, This is the Great Voice of the Great Lakes, WJR, Radio 76 Detroit. In 1923, Henry Worth Thornton replaced David Blyth Hanna becoming the second president of the CNR, and his competition spurred Edward Wentworth Beatty, the first Canadian-born president of the CPR, to action. This was the first tour of Canada by its reigning monarch. The Canadian Pacific Railway (French: Chemin de fer Canadien Pacifique) (reporting marks CP, CPAA, MILW, SOO), also known simply as CPR or Canadian Pacific and formerly as CP Rail (19681996), is a Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881. Canadian Pacific, Kansas City Southern merger to redraw Class I railroad map, Deal will create system serving Canada, U.S., and Mexico; will nearly match size of CN. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. In 1929, the CPR received its first 2-10-4 Selkirk locomotives, the largest steam locomotives to run in Canada and the British Empire. Dean, Murray W. and Hanna, David B. ** These schemes variously After the Second World War, passenger traffic declined as automobiles and airplanes became more common, but the CPR continued to innovate in an attempt to keep passenger numbers up. Before the CPR line, messages to the west could be sent only via the United States. 12.15.2021. [13] The government also defrayed surveying costs and exempted the railway from property taxes for 20 years. [57] The transaction was an "end-to-end" consolidation and gave CPR access to United States shippers of agricultural products, ethanol and coal. The train, which operated on an expedited schedule, was pulled by diesel locomotives, and used new, streamlined, stainless steel rolling stock. The red and white paint scheme introduced with the GP30's was quite eye-catching. This will likely help the deal win over U.S. regulators. 2816 to steam again for Holiday Train video (corrected)", "2022 Railroaders of the Year: Keith Creel and Pat Ottensmeyer, 'Transnational Team', "CP Canada 150 train connects Canada, draws thousands to celebrate CP's history and Canada's sesquicentennial", "Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd. (CP) | Canadian company", "Presenting: A Behind-The-Scenes Look at the Historic Royal York Hotel One of Toronto's Crown Jewels (part I)", "The Radio Broadcast that Fulfilled the Promise", "The First Wave: The Beginnings of Radio in Canadian Distance Education", The Ocean Carrier: a History and Analysis of the Service and a Discussion of the Rates of Ocean Transportation, "Pacific Western Airlines Ltd | The Canadian Encyclopedia", "Canadian Pacific releases two SD70ACU heritage locomotives | Trains Magazine", "CP details paint schemes on commemorative locomotives", "News photo: Canadian Pacific locomotive honors shipper", "Trains Magazine - Trains News Wire, Railroad News, Railroad Industry News, Web Cams, and Forms", "CP Supports 'Orange Shirt Day' With 'Every Child Matters' Locomotive", "Calgary Herald, "Alberta's top 40 places to work", "Alberta's best focus on attracting, keeping staff", "ICAO Designators for Canadian Aircraft Operating Agencies, Aeronautical Authorities and Services", "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Quick Search Result for Transport Canada", Bibliography of Canadian economic history, CPR, from Sea to Sea: The Scottish Connection, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Pacific_Railway&oldid=1141592491, Acquired 1990, ex-SOO, 4500 series are ex-MILW, 86008655, 97009740, 97509784, 98009840, 8757 painted into an Every Child Matters livery for National Day for Truth & Reconciliation, Rebuilt in 1984 as an AC Traction test unit, Many rebuilt into SW1200RSUs in the 1980s, 90009003, 90059009, 90129013, 90159016, 90189019, Scrapped, The rest not numbered here went to. Kansas City Southern white with red CP markings (Units 670-676 and 5416,5417 only.) Everything else of the original Soo Line east of Shoreham Yard is owned by CN now. #5490-5499. [22], The greatest disadvantage of the route was in Kicking Horse Pass, at the Alberta-British Columbia border on the continental divide. Business data for Canadian Pacific Railway: This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 20:59. Via eventually took almost all of its passenger trains, including The Canadian, off CP's lines. . They could bring back the CP Rail System name but this time with 3 flags instead of 2. Car . [135], Canadian Pacific Car and Passenger Transfer Company was formed by other interest in 1888 linking the CPR in Prescott, Ontario, and the NYC in Ogdensburg, New York. CP also gains access to the dozen Gulf of Mexico ports that KCS and KCS de Mexico currently serve. See my comment in the other article. It was hard to get used to seeing CN south of border when I ride Amtrak to New Orleans now CP will be down in the south too. 2213. Interesting but not too surprising development. The Dominion Atlantic was isolated from the rest of the CPR network and used the CNR to facilitate interchange; the DAR also operated ferry services across the Bay of Fundy for passengers and cargo (but not rail cars) from the port of Digby, Nova Scotia, to the CPR at Saint John, New Brunswick. KCS stockholders will receive 2.884 CP common shares and US$90 in cash for each share of KCS common . Both principals have extensive experience with formulating paint on the commercial scale and decided to branch out on their own in the model paint business. Primer with CP or STLH markings (Units 5447-5449 only.). Fleming was dismissed and replaced with Collingwood Schreiber as chief engineer and general manager of all government railways. NS speaks of Atlantic coast leanings. Or Canadian Kansas Pacifico.). On Tue, Jan 5, 2021 at 06:06 PM, William Kalbfleisch wrote: I am modeling the Canadian Pacific in some of the diesel eras. The CPR promised him a cheque for $5,000 and that the pass would be named in his honour. These services gradually declined and ended in 1975 except for a freight barge on Slocan Lake. They have good color density and they atomize fantastically. Expansions to Cambridge, Ontario may be coming in the future. This is Byron MacGregor, CKLW, the Motor Cities. To participate you must either login or register for an account. Get used to the acronym "CPKC," which stands for Canadian Pacific Kansas City, the name of the Class I railroad that will begin operations sometime within the next 18 to 24 months, provided the Surface Transportation Board approvesas many industry observers and analysts believe it willthe merger of the Canadian Pacific and the Kansas City Southern. [citation needed], The controversial Crowsnest Pass Agreement effectively locked the eastbound rate on grain products and westbound rates on certain "settlers' effects" at the 1897 level. We're moving our customers' goods further, faster, and more efficiently than ever before. It was created in 2001 when the CPR's former parent company, Canadian Pacific Limited, spun off its railway operations. I do think this is a very good fit, Haverty says. could make sense. It had taken 12,000 men and 5,000 horses to construct the Lake section alone. My only gripe with BNSF is that they refuse to do any Heritage paint schemes like UP and NS had done to some of their locomotives. Later that year, the Second World War began. [citation needed]. Members enjoy 15% off any purchase in our store. [93][94], On 8 December 2021, Canadian Pacific shareholders voted to approve the railway's proposed merger with Kansas City Southern. Despite the large purchase price, the combined company, which would be called Canadian Pacific Kansas City, wouldn't climb the rankings of the largest of the top-tier railroads: It would remain No. 4,547 posts. The best I could do was this long distance photo over a nearby train. [133], CPR programming included a series of concert broadcasts from Montreal with an orchestra conducted by Douglas Clarke and a series called Concert Orchestra broadcast from the Royal York Hotel featuring conductor Rex Battle, and another series of concerts, this time sponsored by Imperial Oil and featuring conductor Reginald Stewart with a 55-piece orchestra and some of the leading soloists of the day, also performing at the Royal York. Calgary will be the global headquarters of CPKC, and Kansas City will be designated as the U.S. headquarters. Winter preparedness is essential for safe and efficient shipping operations. Re: Years Canadian Pacific changed paint schemes. It also custom-built many of its passenger cars at its CPR Angus Shops to be able to meet the demands of the upper class. The reconstituted board, having named Stephen Tobias (former vice president and chief operating officer of Norfolk Southern Railroad) as interim CEO, initiated a search for a new CEO, eventually settling on E. Hunter Harrison, former president of Canadian National Railway, on 29 June 2012. These units are numbered 70207023, with 7024 being renumbered to 6644 to commemorate the date of D-Day: 6 June 1944. In 1984, CP Rail commenced construction of the Mount Macdonald Tunnel to augment the Connaught Tunnel under the Selkirk Mountains. In the years before WWI, CPR actually operated branded tourist rail services in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.). I arrived just a few minutes before the train did. Atlantic, Pacific & Gulf? [45] During this time the railway land grants were formalized. Shaak, Larry. Here's hoping CP ditches the red paint and keeps KCS' classy scheme system-wide. LOL. Here's a crude logo I cooked up:https://imgur.com/BGIbXsR. It hits the primary operational area and the fact that this outfit stretches from Canada through the heartland of the U.S. and into Mexico. When I interviewed Mike Ward, he said that he wished CSX had a better name. I saw KCS 4805 in CPs Winnipeg yard on February 23, 2019. It operates along a 1,050km (650mi) route from Calgary, through the Columbia Valley in British Columbia, and returning to Calgary via Crowsnest Pass. [58] The merger was completed as of 31 October 2008.[59]. This locomotive was not successful and was not repeated. The train stopped in 13 cities along its 3-week summer tour, offering a free block party and concert from Dean Brody, Kelly Prescott[125] and Dallas Arcand. "Beaver" logo as CPR was attempting to keep the design secret. Their trains were elegantly decorated; some had amenities such as a post office and barber shop. [37], On 3 November 1909, the Lethbridge Viaduct over the Oldman River valley at Lethbridge, Alberta, was opened. Kansas City Southern: KCS: 1944-60's Frt. The railroads expect the merger to gain regulatory approval in 2022. Maybe it would best just to call the whole company Canadian Pacific and be done with it. This was due to Macdonald putting pressure on George Stephen for additional benefits. DAR steamships also provided connections for passengers and cargo between Yarmouth, Boston and New York. In April 1908, the CPR started work to replace the Old Calgary-Edmonton Rail Bridge across the Red Deer River with a new standard steel bridge that was completed by March 1909. For several months it has been reported that KCS (and its Mexican subsidiary KCSdeM) would paint their new locomotives in a new paint scheme reminiscent of the old Southern Belle, (and virtually identical to the new scheme they recently . The stake eventually increased to 14.2 percent, making PSCM the railway's largest shareholder. Canada, Kansas City and Southern. The Kansas City Southern Railway Company (reporting mark KCS) is an American Class I railroad.Founded in 1887, it operates in 10 midwestern and southeastern U.S. states: Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas.KCS has the shortest north-south rail route between Kansas City, Missouri, and several key ports along the Gulf of Mexico. interim variation applied to very few units during the summer of 1997 while CPR was trying In my opinion, simple often looks better than more complex. Surveying was carried out during the first years of a number of alternative routes in this virgin territory followed by construction of a telegraph along the lines that had been agreed upon. Click here to learn about the Unlimited Membership! Posted by Overmod on Thursday, March 2, 2023 6:48 PM. Now that the months long battle for Kansas City Southern is over and Canadian Pacific has won, lets get down to the important part for those of us who cover railroading for a living and those of us who have reverence for great railroad titles: the name of the new company that will carry on the traditions of CP and KCS. Also hoping they retain this . [113] Each train is roughly 1,000 feet (300m) in length with brightly decorated railway cars, including a modified box car that has been turned into a travelling stage for performers. Always listened to CKLW when I got within range Charles. It was by far the longest railway ever constructed at the time. My wife took the above photo with my phone. My idea would be either CANUSMEX Rail System (reporting mark: CRS) or CANUSMEX International Rail System (reporting mark: CI or CIRS). As mentioned earlier in these posts, CP is buying KCS. Union Pacific was able to say at least three times, Sure, we combined the names. This difficulty was overcome when a missionary priest, Albert Lacombe, persuaded the Blackfoot chief Crowfoot that construction of the railway was inevitable. Canadian Pacific must remain part of the name but respecting the purchase and additional territory covered, Mark Vinskis Canadian Pacific International has some merit. The transaction represents an enterprise value of approximately US$31 billion. It displays information related to EIS sections on grade crossing safety and delay, air quality, noise and vibration and environmental justice for rail line segments, rail yards and intermodal . It continues under the Metropolitan Transportation Agency (AMT). On the other hand, NS did a pretty good updating. ", "Update: CP Fires Up Steam Locomotive For First Time in Eight Years", "Canadian Pacific No. [62][63], Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd. trains resumed regular operations on 1 June 2012 after a nine-day strike by some 4,800 locomotive engineers, conductors and traffic controllers who walked off the job on 23 May, stalling Canadian freight traffic and costing the economy an estimated CA$80 million (US$77 million). [149], The fleet includes these types:[150][151], Canadian Pacific Railway Limited (TSX:CP NYSE:CP) is a Canadian railway transportation company that operates the Canadian Pacific Railway. Grain has always been a significant commodity hauled by the CPR; between 1905 and 1909, the CPR double-tracked its section of track between Fort William, Ontario (part of present-day Thunder Bay) and Winnipeg to facilitate grain shipments. [46], The Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 until 1939, hit many companies heavily. Several operational improvements were also made to the railway in Western Canada. It is simple - less costly to apply (though no locomotive paint job is cheap). Common: GE AC44CW "Beavers", CP Rail, CP Rail System, red & white SOO, solid red SOO, blue and yellow DM&E/IC&E, red/white/black ex-CP DM&E/IC&E. Horses and livestock along with birds and small animals including prize cattle for exhibition were carried often in special horse cars that had facilities for grooms to ride with their animals. In 1977 although BCCSS was the legal name, it was rebranded as Coastal Marine Operations (CMO). Units so painted had a red area above the height of the The Crowsnest Pass line opened on 18 June 1898, and followed a complicated route through the maze of valleys and passes in southern British Columbia, rejoining the original mainline at Hope after crossing the Cascade Mountains via Coquihalla Pass. ], Rob Krebs found after the BNSF merger that there was still of employee hostility from the GN-NP-CB&Q/BN merger. Surface Transportation Board (STB), which was expected to take about a year. Only entertainers and CP employees are allowed to board the train aside from a coach car that takes employees and their families from one stop to the next. You can keep up with news on the proposed Canadian . In both cases, two railways of great historical heritage that help build two nations. Canadian Pacific will work just fine, because its new southern extension ends at the major port of Lazaro Cardenas, the deepest port in Mexico with berths for up to 22 ships of various types and TEU capacity of 2.2 million (current volume is 1.2 million). Only 1% of CPs overall traffic is cross-border with Mexico. The Montreal-based syndicate officially comprised five men: George Stephen, James J. Hill, Duncan McIntyre, Richard B. Angus and John Stewart Kennedy. On this new acquisition, CP CEO Keith Creel remarked that this gives CP a true coast-to-coast network across Canada and an increased presence in New England. [107], Major shooting for the 1976 film Silver Streak, a fictional comedy tale of a murder-ridden train trip from Los Angeles to Chicago, was done on the CPR, mainly in the Alberta area with station footage at Toronto's Union Station. As a Canadian I would not like to lose such a storied name as Canadian Pacific. SD40-2 The three crew members on the lead locomotive were killed. No us and them but a united front that will act as one seamless transporation network. .. or maybe an eagle with a hapless beaver in its claw.. [102], W. C. Van Horne decided from the very beginning that the CPR would retain as much revenue from its various operations as it could. We used our first name and their last name. Western, Missouri, Southern. This Great Lakes steam ship service continued as an alternative route for many years and was always operated by the railway. The strike ended with a government back-to-work bill forcing both sides to come to a binding agreement. No worse than BNSF. [31], By that time, however, the CPR had decided to move its western terminus from Port Moody to Granville, which was renamed "Vancouver" later that year. <--- pre 1968 schemes remaining to be done Candy Apple Red, Full "CP Rail System" lettering and "Dual CP was the first railway in North America to pioneer alternating current (AC) traction diesel-electric locomotives in 1984. On paper, UP still owns several subsidiary entities still actively named Southern Pacific Also, I would suspect that UP probably retained trademark rights. In response, on 31 January 1884, the government passed the Railway Relief Bill, providing a further $22.5million in loans to the CPR. While this work was going on there was already regular passenger service to the West. The new company, to be called Canadian Pacific Kansas City, will be based in Calgary and headed by Creel, who has extended his contract through 2026. The bill received royal assent on 6 March 1884. In 2002 the Montreal, Maine & Atlantic took over operations after CDAC declared bankruptcy. After masking and painting the boot topping on the hull, I painted with Model Master Acryl for the upper hull. However, passenger trains quickly became unprofitable. On 16 September 2019, Progress Rail rolled out two SD70ACU rebuilds in Canadian Pacific heritage paint schemes; 7010 wears a Tuscan red and grey paint scheme with script writing, and the 7015 wears a similar paint scheme with block lettering. Haverty saw the opportunity to turn KCS from a Midwest-Gulf Coast regional into a cross-border system that could tap into free trade. Analyst Report: Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd Canadian Pacific operates a transcontinental railway in Canada and in the Northeast and Midwest U.S. Immigrants were often sold a package that included passage on a CP ship, travel on a CP train and land sold by the CP railway. This is just as Union Pacific has done over the years, name always kept. Wow, Finally NAFTA has a common carrier. In addition, CP is a true transcontinental touching on both Pacific and Atlantic Ocean (Gulf being essentially a big bay of the Atlantic Ocean). 142143, Webber, Bernard. This was the first "CP Rail" paint scheme. You may know that the KCS has a significant presence in Mexico and that will be a significant bonus for CP. It shows geographicly what a large footprint CPKS will have. Something that all employees across the three countries can be proud of. Kansas City Southern. "The Last Spike: The Great Railway 18811885", Random House, 14th edition (1983), p. 267. Together with the Canadian Confederation, the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway was a task originally undertaken as the National Dream by the Conservative government of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald (1st Canadian Ministry). He later agreed to cash it with the promise of an engraved watch.[21]. [14], The first transcontinental passenger train departed from Montreal's Dalhousie Station, located at Berri Street and Notre Dame Street at 8pm on 28 June 1886, and arrived at Port Moody at noon on 4 July 1886.