joined by other Filipinos in Pangasinan. example of this method of conversion given by the same writer was a trip to the A Jesuit writer calls him a traitor though the justification for that term of reproach is not apparent. Magellan's transferring from the service of his own king to employment under the Retana, 174*; see also Retana, 's edition of Martinez de Zuriga's Estadismo de las Islas Filipinos, II (Madrid, 1893), 278*.Google Scholar, 49. 37. which they considered idolatrous and savage. celebrated Silonga, later distinguished for many deeds in raids on the Bisayas and Collection genealogies of which the early historians tell, thanks to the zeal of the missionaries in suspicion or accident, that may be twisted into something unfavorable to the Filipinos. of the South" because earlier there had been other acts of piracy, the earliest being that True also is it that it was to gain the Moluccas that Spain kept the Philippines, the desire for the rich spice islands being one of the most powerful arguments when, because of their expense to him, the King thought of withdrawing and abandoning them. The value of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas has long been recognised. Cummins. The celebration also marked the 130th year of publication of Dr. Jose Rizal's Specimens of Tagal Folklore (May 1889), Two Eastern Fables (July 1889) and his annotations of Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a product of his numerous visits to the British Museum. that previous to the Spanish domination the islands had arms and defended Her zamanki yerlerde hibir eletiri bulamadk. This book Colin says the ancient Filipinos had minstrels who had memorized songs telling (1971). . (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. [3][4]. voyages in cadence with the rowing, or at festivals, or funerals, or wherever there unchanged, or to maintain its supremacy, or even to hold its subjects. It is an encouragement to banditry thus to make easy its getting booty. "Otherwise, says Gaspar de San Agustin, there would have been no fruit of the Evangelic Doctrine gathered, for the infidels wanted to kill the Friars who came to preach to them." Estimating that the cost to the islands was but 800 victims a year, still the total would be more than 200,000 persons sold into slavery or killed, all sacrificed together with so many other things to the prestige of that empty title, Spanish sovereignty. Magellan himself 4229; 114, Item No. It attracted the attention of the Hakluyt Society in 1851, although the edition prepared for the Society by H. E. J. Stanley was not published until 1868. knowledgeable Filipinologist, who recommended Dr. Antonio Morgas Sucesos de las According to Gaspar Even now, though the use of steam vessels has put an end to piracy from outside, the same fatal system still is followed. In the attempt made by Rodriguez de Figueroa to conquer Mindanao according The "easy virtue" of the native women that historians note is not solely attributable to the simplicity with which they obeyed their natural instincts but much more due to a religious belief of which Father Chirino tells. Fort Santiago as his prison. It is notable how strictly the earlier Spanish governors were held to account. Created a sense of national consciousness or identity among Filipinos. In Rizals historical essay, he correctly observed that as a colony of Spain, The Philippines was depopulated, impoverished and retarded, astounded by metaphor sis, with no confidence in her past, still without faith in her present and without faltering hope in the future. Philippine situation during the Spanish period. The artillery cast for the new stone fort in Manila, says Morga, was by the hand of an ancient Filipino. Un Codice desconocido, relative a las islas Filipinas. bad is another of those prejudices which Spaniards like all other nations, have. Schafer, Consejo, II, 460, 511. The "easy virtue" of the native women that historians note is not solely Molucca group, which was abandoned because of the prevalence of beriberi among the for this article. I say "by the inhabitants treaties of friendship and alliances for reciprocity. (Austin Craig). following are excerpts from Rizal's annotations to inspire young Filipinos of today (Taken Quoted in Quinn, D. B., The Roanoke Voyages, 16841590, II (London, Hakluyt Society, 1955), 514.Google Scholar. been falsified or is calumny, then I shall not have labored in vain. Advantage of Morga's position in the state. Islas Filipinas, which, according to many scholars, had an honest description of the Torres-Navas, , V, 204.Google Scholar, 31. They seem to forget that in almost every case the reason for the rupture has been some act of those who were pretending to civilize helpless peoples by force of arms and at the cost of their native land. You have learned the differences between Rizal and Course and Section _________________________ Date______________, Name______________________________________ Score_____________. Religion had a broad field awaiting it then in the Philippines where more than nine-tenths of the natives were infidels. further damage such as was suffered from Li Ma-hong by the construction of a massive It was the custom then always to have a thousand or more native bowmen and besides the crew were almost all Filipinos, for the most part Bisayans. The English translation of some of the more important annotations of the Parry, J. H., The Spanish Seaborne Empire (London, 1966), 220Google Scholar, Cline, Howard F., The Relaciones geograficas of the Spanish Indies, 157786 in Hispanic American Historical Review, 44 (1964), 34174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 30. Annotation of Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. Manila. The leaders bore themselves bravely for Morga's expression that the Spaniards "brought war to the gates of the Filipinos" is in marked contrast with the word used by subsequent historians whenever recording Spain's possessing herself of a province, that she pacified it. annotate it and publish a new edition. Antonio de Morga: Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. as if it were said that it was turned over to sack, abandoned to the cruelty and Malate, better Maalat, was where the Tagalog aristocracy lived after they were Spanish conquistador, gov't official, and historical anthropologist; author of Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands). When did Rizal encountered Dr. Morga's writing? He found it to be civil, as opposed to the religious history of the Philippines written during the colonial period. From what you have learned, provide at least 5 Pastells, P. The raid by Datus Sali and Silonga of Mindanao, in 1599 with 50 sailing vessels and 3,000 warriors, against the capital of Panay, is the first act of piracy by the inhabitants of the South which is recorded in Philippine history. have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who . The so-called Pavn manuscripts, dated 1838 to 1839, included Las antiguas leyendas de la Islas de Negros (The old legends of Negros Island), which included the "Kalantiaw Code," a set of laws supposedly written in 1433. Morga's views upon the failure of Governor Pedro de Acunia's ambitious expedition against the Moros unhappily still apply for the same conditions yet exist. would have been a people even more treacherous. below. resisted conversion or did not want it may have been true of the civilized natives. (Gerard J. Tortora), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), The Life and Works of Jose Rizal Chapter 6 by Dr Nery, The Life and Works of Jose Rizal - Dr Nery, Chapter 1 Introduction to the Course Republic Act 1425, Chapter 2 19th Century Philippines as Rizals Context, Chapter 3 Rizals Life Family Childhood and Early Education, Chapter 4 Rizals Life Higher Education and Life Abroad, Chapter 5 Rizals Life Exile Trial and Death. And if there are Christians in the Carolines, that is due to Islands. in the beginning of the new era controlled the destinies of the Philippines and had annotations into English. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315611266, Registered in England & Wales No. 7 (Lisbon, 1956), 480.Google Scholar, 10. Spaniards. Yet the government was unable to repel them or to defend the people whom it Elsewhere Morga says he arrived on 10 June (Retaria, , 45*).Google Scholar, 6. Yet to the These were chanted on age was well advanced, as the Morga history shows in its eighth chapter. No one has a monopoly of the true SJ., (Barcelona, 1904), three vols. J.S. His honesty and fine qualities, talent and personal bravery, all won the admiration of the Filipinos. [7], Explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of those islands from their earliest relations with European nations to the close of the nineteenth century. No one has a monopoly of the true God nor is there any nation or religion that can claim, or at any rate prove, that to it has been given the exclusive right to the Creator of all things or sole knowledge of His real being. Filipinos have found it a useful account of the state of their native culture upon the coming of the conquistadors; Spaniards have regarded it as a work to admire or condemn, according to their views and the context of their times; some other Europeans, such as Stanley, found it full of lessons and examples. The In addition to the central chapters dealing with the history of the Spaniards in the colony, Morga devoted a long final chapter to the study of Philippino customs, manners and religions in the early years of the Spanish conquest. government work near by. In not more than five (5) sentences, write your own interpretation of Rizals statement on the left. threats and violence of encomenderos and Spanish soldiers. Though not mentioned by Morga, the Cebuano aided the Spaniards in their expedition against Manila, for which reason they were long exempted from tribute. Magellan himself inaugurated his arrival in the Marianes islands by burning more than forty houses, many small craft and seven people because one of his boats had been stolen. Antonio de Alcedo in his Diccionario geografico de las lndias (178689) recorded his death as having taken place in 1603. Still the Spaniards say that the Filipinos have contributed nothing to Mother unsuccessful attack upon Manila, to Pangasinan province, with the Spaniards of whom It will be remembered other artillery, muskets were unknown till the Spaniards came. The leaders bore themselves bravely for Argensola writes that in the assault on Ternate, "No officer, Spaniard or Indian, went unscathed.". and colorful.. In past and possibly of the history of neighboring islands. natives of the latter two countries have come here. Cummins Edition 1st Edition First Published 1971 eBook Published 20 March 2017 Pub. The word "en trust," like "pacify," later came to have a sort of ironical signification. that civilized people hunt, fish, and subjugate people that are weak or ill-armed. The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. Despite the colonizers claim that they were solely responsible for refining the implements of warfare. Morga's work is based on personal experiences, or on documentation from eye-witnesses of the events described. They depopulated the country and bankrupted the treasury, with not the slightest compensating benefit. A century later this remark was repeated: Spaniards come to the Islands as to an inn where they live and die as passengers; and a rich man is always within an ace of poverty (Velarde, P. Murillo, Historia de la Provincia de Philipinas, II Pte, (Manila, 1749), 272.Google Scholar, 34. Morga has evidently confused the pacific coming of Legaspi with the attack of Goiti and Salcedo, as to date. The Spanish historians of the Philippines never overlook any opportunity, be it Vigan was his encomienda and the Other sources, however, claim that Rizal learned about Antonio Morga from his uncle, Jose Alberto, This knowledge about an ancient Philippine history written by a Spaniard came from the English Governor of Hong Kong, Sir John Browning, who had once paid his uncle a visit. The Filipinos were decimated, demoralized, exploited and ruined by the Spanish civilization 3. A., The Philippine Islands 14931898, IX, 1545, 270.3.Google Scholar. In order to understand these, let us take a look at some of the most important annotations of Rizal. His honesty and By virtue of the last arrangement, according to some historians, Magellan lost his life on Mactan and the soldiers of Legaspi fought under the banner of King Tupas of Cebu. It neither is, nor ought to be, decayed. The expeditions captained by Columbus and Magellan, one a Genoese Italian and the other a Portuguese, as well as those that came after them, although Spanish fleets, still were manned by many nationalities and in them went negroes, Moluccans, and even men from the Philippines and the Marianes Islands. While Japan was preparing to invade the Philippines, these islands were sending expeditions to Tonquin and Cambodia, leaving the homeland helpless even against the undisciplined hordes from the South, so obsessed were the Spaniards with the idea of making conquests. The same mistake was made with reference to the other early events still wrongly commemorated, like San Andres' day for the repulse of the Chinese corsair Li Ma-hong. The Book of Dr. Antonio de Morga, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, was important because it described the events in 1493-1603, and it was a clear account of the history of the islands. been given the exclusive right to the Creator of all things or sole knowledge of His real Estimating that the cost to the islands was but The escort's Now it is known that Magellan was mistaken when he represented to the King of Spain that the Molucca Islands were within the limits assigned by the Pope to the Spaniards. showed that the Philippines was an advanced civilization prior to Spanish colonization. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas -by Antonio de Morga - MODULE 2 WORKS Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas - Studocu module works sucesos de las islas filipinas antonio de morga talks about the and of the filipinos witches and sorcerer buried dead in their DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew In addition to the central chapters dealing with the history of the Spaniards in the colony, Morga devoted a long final chapter to the study of Philippino customs, manners and religions in the early years of the Spanish conquest. Cebu, Panay, Luzon Mindoro and some others cannot be said to have been conquered. A Jesuit writer calls him a traitor though the justification Malaga," Spain's foundry. That even now there are to be found here so many tribes and settlements of non-Christians takes away much of the prestige of that religious zeal which in the easy life in towns of wealth, liberal and fond of display, grows lethargic. the past in order to gain a deeper understanding of our nation, with anticipation that you, Antonio de Morga was an official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila and could consequently draw upon much material that would otherwise have been inaccessible. It continued to work until 1805. conversions without other Filipinos along and a guard of soldiers. To entrust a province was then Because of him they yielded to their enemies, making peace and friendship with the Spaniards. 8. There is a discussion of the moral scruples aroused in some Spaniards by the killing and pillaging in 1603 in Diego de Bobadilla, SJ., Casos morales resueltos, ff. Campo, and Captains Francisco Palaot, Juan Lit, Luis Lont, and Agustin Lont. collected to pay the military, expenses of the employees, diplomatic agents, Year of publication of annotation of Morga's book. Two days previously he had given a banquet, slaying for it a beef The first English translation was published in London in 1868 and another English . Spaniard came from the English Governor of Hong Kong, Sir John Browning, who had religious chroniclers who were accustomed to see the avenging hand of God in the people called the Buhahayenes. He was a spanish administrator who served in the Ph in the late 16th century -- he served as Lieutenant-Governor, second most powerful position in the colony of the Ph in 1593. Spanish King at Madrid, had a mission much like that of deputies now, but of even According to Gaspar San Agustin, the cannon which the pre-Spanish Filipinos cast were "as great as those of Malaga," Spain's foundry. English of "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas". as in so many others, the modern or present-day Filipinos are not so far advanced as At the end of the lesson, the students sh, Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. In the attempt made by Rodriguez de Figueroa to conquer Mindanao according to his contract with the King of Spain, there was fighting along the Rio Grande with the people called the Buhahayenes. Truth is that the ancient activity was scarcely for the Faith alone, because the missionaries had to go to islands rich in spices and gold though there were at hand Mohammedans and Jews in Spain and Africa, Indians by the million in the Americas, and more millions of protestants, schismatics and heretics peopled, and still people, over six-sevenths of Europe. [3][4], Antonio de Morga's Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas has been recognized as a first-hand account of Spanish colonial venture in Asia during the 16th century. MS. Exciibania de Camara 410, f.58-v, Archive of the Indies, Seville. 27. For an introduction to the history of Islam in the Philippines, and its present situation, see Gowing, P. G., Mosque and Moro: A Study of the Muslims in the Philippines (Manila, 1964).Google Scholar, 35. Written with "Jose Rizal, Europe 1889" as a signature, the following Preface was indicated in Rizal's Annotation (From Annotations to Dr. Antonio Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, n.d., as translated in English): "To the Filipinos: In Noli Me Tangere (The Social Cancer) I started to sketch the present state of our native land. In the Spanish expedition to replace on its throne a Sirela or Malaela, as he is It is not the fact that the Filipinos were unprotected before the coming of the Spaniards. [1] It was published in 1609 after he was reassigned to Mexico in two volumes by Casa de Geronymo Balli, in Mexico City. With Morgas position in the colonial government, he had access to many important documents that allowed him to write about the natives and their conquerors political, social and economic phases of life from the year 1493 to 1603. To prove his point and refute the accusations of prejudiced Spanish writers against his race, Rizal annotated the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, written by the Spaniard Antonio Morga. 6.00/ US$16.00.1 Dr. James S. Cummins, noted translator and editor of Domingo Fernndez Cambridge: Published for the Hakluyt Society at the University Press, 1971. xi, 347 pp., ill., maps. The early cathedral of wood which was burned through carelessness at the time Discussed in the first seven chapters of the book. Like almost all of you, I was born and brought up in ignorance of our countrys past and so, without knowledge or authority to speak of what I neither saw nor have studied, I deem it necessary to quote the testimony of an illustrious Spaniard who in the beginning of the new era controlled the destinies of the Philippines and had personal knowledge of our ancient nationality in its last days. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, a book published by Dr. Antonio de Morga Sanchez, a Spanish lawyer and historian. Three centuries ago it was the custom to write as intolerantly as Morga does, but The chiefs used to wear upper garments, usually of Indian fine gauze according to Colin, of red color, a shade for which they had the same fondness that the Romans had. 26. gathered, for the infidels wanted to kill the Friars who came to preach to them." Antonio de Morga was an official of the colonial bureaucracy in Manila and could consequently draw upon much material that would otherwise have been inaccessible. All of these are touched on by Morga to a greater or lesser degree, and he also treats the appearance on the Asian scene of Dutch rivals to Spanish imperial ambitions. Total loading time: 0 Protestants, whom neither the Roman Catholics of Morga's day nor many Catholics in We even do not know, if in their wars the Filipinos used to make slaves of each other, though that would not have been strange, for the chroniclers tell of captives returned to their own people. By the Jesuit's line of reasoning, the heroic Spanish peasantry in their war for independence would have been a people even more treacherous. As to the mercenary social This may very well have been so, considering the hatred and rancor then existing, but those in command set the example. MS Filipinas 340, lib. evil, that is worldwide and there is no nation that can 'throw the first stone' at any other. refused to grant him the raise in salary which he asked. Morga shows that the ancient Filipinos had army and navy with artillery and other implements of warfare. then meant the same as "to stir up war." hasContentIssue true, Copyright The National University of Singapore 1969, Antonio De Morga and his Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0217781100005081, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Morgas view on Filipino culture. In corroboration of the "conqueror's" intelligent right arm and the hero of the "conquest." cheese, and these examples might be indefinitely extended. He was respectable enough to have a book dedicated to him: e.g. The Borneo, and the Moluccas. The early cathedral of wood which was burned through carelessness at the time of the funeral of Governor Dasmarias' predecessor, Governor Ronquillo, was made, according to the Jesuit historian Chirino, with hardwood pillars around which two men could not reach, and in harmony with this massiveness was all the woodwork above and below. Of the first discoveries of the Eastern islands 2. other a Portuguese, as well as those that came after them, although Spanish fleets, still But imagine how difficult it was to search for information during those days most of the available sources were either written by friars of the religious orders and zealous missionaries determined to wipe out native beliefs and cultural practices, which they considered idolatrous and savage. The Hakluyt Society published the first English editon, edited by Baron Stanley of Alderley, in 1868. A. there were always more Filipinos fighting than Spaniards. From the earliest Spanish days ships were built in the islands, which might be considered evidence of native culture. A new edition of First Series 39. publish a Philippine history. leader of the Spanish invaders. The expedition which followed the Chinese corsair Li Ma-hong, after his unsuccessful attack upon Manila, to Pangasinan province, with the Spaniards of whom Morga tells, had in it 1,500 friendly Indians from Cebu, Bohol, Leyte and Panay, besides the many others serving as laborers and crews of the ships. were their ancestors. Some stayed in Manila as prisoners, one, Governor Corcuera, passing five years with Fort Santiago as his prison. So only can you fairly judge the present and estimate how much progress has been made during the three centuries (of Spanish rule). I say "by the inhabitants of the South" because earlier there had been other acts of piracy, the earliest being that of Magellan's expedition when it seized the shipping of friendly islands and even of those whom they did not know, extorting for them heavy ransoms. If discovery and occupation justify annexation, then Borneo ought to belong to Spain. this may be cited the claims that Japan fell within the Pope's demarcation lines for This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. By the Christian religion, Doctor Morga appears to mean the Roman Catholic which by fire and sword he would preserve in its purity in the Philippines. Morgas work, which is based partly on documentary research, keen observation, and partly on his personal involvement and knowledge, is said to be the best account of Spanish colonialism in the country. the contrary was the fact among the mountain tribes. Perhaps "to make peace" then meant the same as "to stir up war." There was an allegation, unproven, that Morga drove out of the city a Jesuit preacher who condemned him from the pulpit, describing these entertainments as manifest robbery, adding that it had been better if the ship bringing him to Quito had been sunk on the way. Has data issue: true dozen large cannons and some smaller pieces which the Spanish invaders took back unknown parts of the world by Spanish ships but to the Spaniards who sailed in them He meticulously added footnotes on every The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. It was not Ubal's fault that he was He replied that it was desirable that they should leave, but it was to be arranged gently lest the Emperor be driven to war. Legaspi's grandson, Salcedo, called the Hernando Cortez of the Philippines, was Morga's mention of the scant output of large artillery from the Manila cannon works because of lack of master foundry men shows that after the death of the Filipino Panday Pira there were not Spaniards skilled enough to take his place, nor were his sons as expert as he. He authored the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas slight though it may be, we can all pass to the study of the future.. Spain's possessing herself of a province, that she pacified it. Sucesos was done by an early biographer of Rizal, Austin Craig (1872-1949). greater importance since he came to be a sort of counsellor or representative to the mountains by two Friars who had a numerous escort of Pampangans. "Our whole aspiration" he declared, "is to educate our nation; education and mode education! This statement has regard to the concise and concrete form 25. When Morga says that the lands were "entrusted" (given as encomiendas) to The discovery, conquest and conversion cost Spanish blood but still more Filipino blood. The term "conquest" is admissible but for a part of the islands and then only in its broadest sense. the left. Explain the underlying purpose of Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. In the time of Governor Gomez Perez Dasmarias, Manila was guarded against Considered the most valuable text on Philippine history written by a Spaniard, Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas ("Events of the Philippine Islands") is lauded for its truthful, straightforward, and fair account of the early colonial period from the perspective of a Spanish colonist. It was published in 1609 after he was reassigned to Mexico in two volumes . They had Torres-Navas, , II, 139Google Scholar, Item No. The men had various positions in Manila and some were employed in government work near by. The loss of two Mexican galleons in 1603 called forth no comment from the The Filipinos have been much more long-suffering than the Chinese since, in spite of having been obliged to row on more than one occasion, they never mutinied. Among the Malate residents were the families of Raja Matanda and Raja Soliman. "Otherwise, says Accordingly Legaspi did not arrive in Manila on the 19th but on the 20th of May and consequently it was not on the festival of Santa Potenciana but on San Baudelio's day. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, 1609, by Antonio de Morga. [5], Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas is based on Antonio de Morga's personal experiences and other documentations from eye-witnesses of the events such as the survivors of Miguel Lpez de Legazpi's Philippine expedition. The image of the Holy Child of Cebu, which many religious writers believed was brought to Cebu by the angels, was in fact given by the worthy Italian chronicler of Magellan's expedition, the Chevalier Pigafetta, to the Cebuano queen. He was born in Seville in 1559 and began serving the government in 1580. abused their hospitality and if behind the name Religion had not lurked the unnamed 15Ov.-15r., MS in archives of San Cugat College, Barcelona. Kagayans and Pampangans. The practice of the southern pirates almost proves this, although in these piratical wars the Spaniards were the first aggressors and gave them their character. with the King of Spain the needs of the archipelago. In corroboration of this may be cited the claims that Japan fell within the Pope's demarcation lines for Spanish expansion and so there was complaint of missionaries other than Spanish there. According to other historians it was in 1570 that Manila was burned, and with it a great plant for manufacturing artillery. "The women were very expert in lacemaking, so much so that they were not at At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: Analyze Rizals ideas on how to rewrite the Philippine History. In his dedication to complete his new edition of the Sucesos, he explained among other things, that the purpose of his work is: If the book (Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas) succeeds to awaken your consciousness of our past, already effaced from your memory, and to rectify what has been falsified and slandered, then I have not worked in vain, and with this as a basis, however small it may be, we shall be able to study the future., What, then, was Morgas purpose for writing the Sucesos?